A significant association between sIL7R levels and SNPs of the IL7R gene is described for the first time in adult CAP. In conclusion, rs3194051GG and rs987106TT IL7R genotypes were associated with a poorer prognosis. Plasma IL-7 levels were lower in ICU-admitted than in not ICU-admitted and in non-survivors than in survivors. The AUC of sIL7Rα levels predicting 30-day mortality was 0.71. rs6897932CC, rs987106AA and rs3194051GG carriers showed the highest while rs6897932TT showed the lowest sIL7Rα levels. sIL7Rα plasmatic levels were higher in non-survivors than in survivors, and in severe than in mild cases. CD3 +CD127 + lymphocytes were lower in severe than in mild cases in non-survivors than in survivors and in ICU than in non- ICU admitted cases. IL7Rα gene expression was lower in non-survivors than in survivors, and in severe than in mild cases. rs3194051GG was more frequent in non-survivors than in survivors rs987106TT was more frequent and rs3194051AA less frequent in patients at intensive care unit (ICU) than in those not admitted to ICU. The IL7Rα SNPs rs6897932, rs987106, and rs3194051 SNPs in IL7α were genotyped, the systemic expression of the IL7R gene, sIL7R, IL-7, and levels of peripheral IL7Rα + T lymphocytes were quantified in 202 hospitalized CAP cases. Since IL-7, membrane-bound receptor (IL7Rα CD127) and soluble IL7Rα (sIL7R) are critical in lymphocytes homeostasis, in this work we aimed to evaluate the involvement of the IL-7/IL7Rα axis in the severity of adult CAP, since it has not been explored. Lymphocytopenia has been frequently described in CAP. Recognized risk factors in some severe cases have not been identified. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a worldwide leading cause of death.
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